{"id":7986,"date":"2024-07-22T10:00:32","date_gmt":"2024-07-22T08:00:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/eu.bd.com\/iv-news\/?p=7986"},"modified":"2024-07-10T13:45:59","modified_gmt":"2024-07-10T11:45:59","slug":"veterinary-iv-catheter-placement-how-to-manage-challenges","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/eu.bd.com\/iv-news\/news-innovation\/veterinary-iv-catheter-placement-how-to-manage-challenges\/","title":{"rendered":"Veterinary IV catheter placement: how to manage challenges"},"content":{"rendered":"

Peripheral intravenous catheters (PIVCs) are frequently placed in veterinary patients to administer fluids and medications.1<\/sup> However, these vascular access devices (VADs) are associated with a risk of mechanical, inflammatory and infectious intravenous (IV) complications.1<\/sup> IV catheter placement presents specific challenges for nonhuman patients.<\/p>\n

Challenges for veterinary IV catheter placement<\/h2>\n

Anxiety and stress<\/h3>\n

A veterinary care setting can provoke anxiety in nonhuman patients because of smells, noise, separation from owners, unfamiliar environments and interactions with other patients.2<\/sup> Feline patients are especially sensitive to their surroundings and may react to stress in ways that impede clinical evaluation and treatment.3<\/sup><\/p>\n

Risk of IV complications<\/h3>\n

PIVC complication rates tend to be lower in canine and feline patients than in humans.4<\/sup> The overall PIVC complication rate in canine patients has been shown to be up to 20%.4<\/sup> It is estimated at 35\u201350% in human patients.5<\/sup><\/p>\n

Veterinary patients with moderate to strong reactions to IV catheter insertion may affect device stability, leading to the possibility of mechanical IV complications.1<\/sup> When there is more than one insertion attempt, IV complications<\/a> have been shown to be more likely to occur in canine and feline patients.1<\/sup><\/p>\n

Damage to the endothelial layer during IV catheter placement may result in IV complications, such as phlebitis, extravasation or pain.6<\/sup> If peripheral veins are catheterised multiple times, this may lead to venous depletion.4 <\/sup>Other IV complications reported in veterinary patients include catheter removal by the patient and line breakage, which is common in the intermediate care unit.4<\/sup> This is why catheter securement is crucial in veterinary vascular access management.<\/p>\n

Risk of exposure to zoonotic pathogens<\/h3>\n

As with human patients, blood can splash or spill from the IV catheter during insertion.7<\/sup> Veterinary staff have reported significantly high needlestick injury rates (around 80%).8 <\/sup>Veterinarians carry an elevated risk of infection from zoonotic diseases.9<\/sup> \u201cZoonotic\u201d means they can be transmitted between humans and other vertebrate animals.10 <\/sup>The following factors should also be taken into account before placing an IV catheter in a veterinary patient.<\/p>\n

Considerations in veterinary IV catheter placement<\/h2>\n

The most common peripheral insertion site for canine and feline patients is the cephalic vein.11<\/sup> If the forelimbs are not available for IV catheter placement, then it may be necessary to place the IV catheter in the lateral saphenous vein in a hind limb.11<\/sup> Before IV catheter placement, the veterinary patient should be comfortable and calm. It may be necessary to sedate the patient before insertion.4<\/sup><\/p>\n

IV catheter design has been shown to impact the risk of IV complications in humans.5<\/sup> It has been demonstrated in human patients that rates of mechanical phlebitis vary based on the plastic composition and surface characteristics of IV catheters.5<\/sup> Chhugani et al found that PIVCs made of polyurethane had lower rates of phlebitis in humans when compared with PIVCs made of polytetrafluoroethylene.12<\/sup><\/p>\n

Catheter hubs designed with an integrated septum have been shown to prevent blood leakage during insertion.7,13<\/sup> Catheter gauge is an important consideration. Most canine patients can be placed with 20 G IV catheters.11<\/sup> Larger canine patients can handle an 18 G.11<\/sup> It is generally recommended that feline patients be placed with a 22 G.11<\/sup> For smaller animals, 22 G or 27 G may be used.14<\/sup><\/p>\n

Schears et al reported lower rates of phlebitis in human patients whose IV catheters were secured with catheter stabilisation devices when compared to those secured with tape.15<\/sup><\/p>\n

10 practice recommendations to help optimise veterinary IV catheter placement<\/h2>\n
    \n
  1. Select a PIVC with a septum that enters the catheter hub to help control blood flow at insertion, connections and disconnections,7,13<\/sup> eliminating the need for venous compression and reducing the risk of blood exposure. 13<\/sup>,\u2020,*<\/sup><\/li>\n
  2. Use a PIVC made of material that softens in the vein to help minimise re-starts and reduce the risk of mechanical phlebitis.5,12,16,17<\/sup>,* <\/sup><\/li>\n
  3. Adapt the catheter gauge to the size of the animal.11,14<\/sup><\/li>\n
  4. Choose an appropriate insertion site based on the patient\u2019s status and condition.11<\/sup><\/li>\n
  5. Remove all fur on the part of the limb where you\u2019ll have the insertion site, catheter hub and connections.11<\/sup><\/li>\n
  6. Use aseptic technique to prepare the insertion site.18<\/sup>,*<\/sup><\/li>\n
  7. Ask your veterinary assistant to restraint the patient in the sternal recumbency position, while extending the limb where the IV catheter will be placed.11<\/sup><\/li>\n
  8. Have your veterinary assistant raise the vein by rolling it from medial to lateral with their thumb.11<\/sup><\/li>\n
  9. After insertion, secure the PIVC with a catheter stabilisation device.15<\/sup>,* <\/sup><\/li>\n
  10. Attach an extension set to help limit movement of the catheter hub.19<\/sup>,*<\/sup><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Find out more about veterinary vascular access management by discovering the Infuse 4 VetsTM <\/sup><\/a>website.<\/p>\n

    LEARN MORE<\/span><\/a><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Peripheral intravenous catheters (PIVCs) are frequently placed in veterinary patients to administer fluids and medications.1 However, these vascular access devices…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":8036,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7986","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news-innovation","speciality-anesthesiology","speciality-medical-oncology","speciality-vascular-access","contenttype-article","target-doctor","target-nursing","target-occupational-health"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nVeterinary IV catheter placement: how to manage challenges - BD IV News<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Navigate the challenges of veterinary IV catheter placement to help reduce IV complications and prevent stress.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/eu.bd.com\/iv-news\/news-innovation\/veterinary-iv-catheter-placement-how-to-manage-challenges\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Veterinary IV catheter placement: how to manage challenges - 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